Sunday, January 19, 2020

Swear to Gawd I Can Smell the Cancer and Diabetes...,


medicalexpress |  Non-communicable diseases including heart disease, cancer and lung disease are now the most common causes of death, accounting for 70 percent of deaths worldwide. These diseases are considered "non-communicable" because they are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors and can't be transmitted between people. 

A new research paper in Science by a team of fellows in CIFAR's Humans and the Microbiome program throws this long-held belief into question by providing evidence that many diseases may be transmissible between people through microbes (including bacteria, fungi, and viruses) that live in and on our bodies.

"If our hypothesis is proven correct, it will rewrite the entire book on public health" says B. Brett Finlay, CIFAR Fellow and professor of microbiology at the University of British Columbia, who is lead author on the paper.

Connecting the dots
The authors base their hypothesis on connections between three distinct lines of evidence. First, they demonstrate that people with a wide range of conditions, from obesity and inflammatory bowel disease to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, have altered microbiomes. Next, they show that altered microbiomes, when taken from diseased people and put into animal models, cause disease. Finally, they provide evidence that the microbiome is naturally transmissible, for example: Spouses who share a house have more similar microbiomes than twins who live separately.

"When you put those facts together, it points to the idea that many traditionally non-communicable diseases may be communicable after all," says Finlay.

Eran Elinav, an author on the paper, CIFAR fellow, and professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science, sees the proposed connection between these points of evidence as an argument for thinking about disease more broadly. "This may represent new opportunities for interventions in some of the world's most common and bothersome diseases," he says. "We can now think about modulating and the , not just about targeting the human host."